{"id":2379,"date":"2026-08-28T13:49:50","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T11:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.erlburg.law\/?p=2379"},"modified":"2026-09-12T19:37:13","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T17:37:13","slug":"appointment-and-removal-of-the-managing-director-of-a-gmbh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.erlburg.law\/en\/appointment-and-removal-of-the-managing-director-of-a-gmbh","title":{"rendered":"Appointment and Removal of the Managing Director of a GmbH"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The managing director of a German Limited Liability Company (\u2018Gesellschaft mit beschr\u00e4nkter Haftung\u2019 &#8211; GmbH) manages the company. This includes pursuing the company\u2019s business objectives, representing the company in and out of court, and fulfilling the GmbH\u2019s statutory obligations, such as the company\u2019s bookkeeping and financial reporting, the filing of the annual accounts and the payment of taxes. For this reason, the selection of the managing director and their appointment or dismissal constitutes a significant business decision. In this blog article, we provide an overview of the legal framework and the procedure.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. The appointment of the managing director<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A managing director of a GmbH represents the company externally and manages it internally. The procedure for appointing a managing director is governed by the GmbHG (Limited Liability Companies Act) but may be modified in many respects by the GmbH\u2019s articles of association (\u2018Gesellschaftsvertrag\u2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Who is authorised to appoint the managing director?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The appointment of the managing director is the responsibility of the shareholders\u2019 meeting. This is decided by a resolution passed by the shareholders by a simple majority, in accordance with the statutory provisions. The GmbH\u2019s articles of association may contain provisions deviating from this regarding the appointment process, for example concerning the requirement for a qualified majority or the form of the appointment. It is therefore worth reviewing the articles of association before appointing a new managing director.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Formal requirements for appointment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The appointment of a new managing director takes effect immediately upon their acceptance of the resolution (\u2018Beschluss\u2019) appointing them. Nevertheless, the new managing director must be entered in the Commercial Register (\u2018Handelsregister). This entry has only a declaratory effect.&nbsp;&nbsp;As part of the registration process, the new managing director must make a statutory declaration before a notary, confirming that they have no previous convictions for certain criminal offences (e.g. fraud, delaying insolvency proceedings). It is therefore essential to involve a notary in the appointment of the new managing director. The necessary certification can now be obtained not only in person at a notary\u2019s office but also online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The internal relationship \u2013 the managing director\u2019s employment contract<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to the formal appointment of the managing director, an employment contract (\u2018Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer-Anstellungsvertrag\u2019) for the managing director is usually also drawn up. This sets out the framework under employment law for the managing director\u2019s employment relationship and thus the internal relationship between the GmbH and the managing director. Among other things, this contract specifies the managing director\u2019s salary, working hours, scope of duties and other rights and obligations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Dismissal of the managing director \u2013 legal framework and procedure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The dismissal of a managing director terminates the managing director\u2019s authority to represent the GmbH on behalf of the shareholders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Formalities for the dismissal&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under section 38 of the German Limited Liability Companies Act (GmbHG), managing directors may be removed from office at any time by a resolution of the shareholders\u2019 meeting. The removal must be recorded in the minutes. As with the appointment of a managing director, the removal must also be entered in the Commercial Register, which must again be performed through a notary. It is important to note that the dismissal takes effect in relation to the managing director immediately upon receipt of the notice; however, it only takes effect in relation to third parties once it has been entered in the Commercial Register or when they become aware of the dismissal by other means. For this reason, the entry of the dismissal in the Commercial Register should be arranged immediately after the resolution is passed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Grounds for dismissal<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In principle, a managing director may be removed from office at any time. A distinction is made between ordinary removal (known as \u2018discretionary removal\u2019) and removal for good cause:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Removal without good cause:<\/strong>\u00a0The shareholders may remove a managing director from office at any time and, if they so wish, with immediate effect. The situation is different only if the articles of association contain contrary provisions. In such a case, however, claims for damages may arise in favour of the dismissed managing director if, for example, he or she is entitled to compensation for the premature dismissal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dismissal for good cause:<\/strong>\u00a0A managing director may also be removed from office for good cause at any time. This results in the immediate termination of their appointment and is therefore similar to extraordinary dismissal under employment law. Removal from office for good cause may, for example, be considered in the event of serious misconduct on the part of the managing director or a permanent inability to perform their duties. Dismissal for good cause requires that the resolution be passed by a qualified majority at the shareholders\u2019 meeting. The shareholders must set out the grounds for the dismissal and be able to provide substantiated evidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Don\u2019t forget: the managing director\u2019s employment contract<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When dismissing managing directors, it is important not to overlook the internal relationship \u2013 that is, the concurrent employment contract. This must also be terminated upon dismissal, or the contract must provide for automatic termination in the event of dismissal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Typical pitfalls in the appointment and dismissal of managing directors<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The appointment and dismissal of a managing director take place within a highly formalised process. There are typical issues here that require particular attention:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Inadequate resolution or incorrect majority:<\/strong>\u00a0A common problem when appointing and removing managing directors is the adoption of a flawed resolution by the shareholders\u2019 meeting. If, for example, the required majority is not met or other requirements of the GmbH\u2019s articles of association are disregarded, the resolution could be flawed and therefore open to challenge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Failure to register changes in the Commercial Register:<\/strong>\u00a0Another common mistake in practice is the failure to register the appointment or removal of a managing director in the Commercial Register. Without this registration, there is a risk that the appointment or removal will have no effect vis-\u00e0-vis third parties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion: The legal significance of the appointment and dismissal of the managing director<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The appointment and removal of the managing director of a GmbH are key decisions that must be taken in accordance with the relevant provisions and regulations set out in the articles of association. Errors cannot only jeopardise the validity of these measures, but may also lead to liability risks and claims for damages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The managing director of a German Limited Liability Company (\u2018Gesellschaft mit beschr\u00e4nkter Haftung\u2019 &#8211; GmbH) manages the company. This includes pursuing the company\u2019s business objectives, representing the company in and out of court, and fulfilling the GmbH\u2019s statutory obligations, such\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,46,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporate","category-making-provisions-certification","category-notary"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Appointment and Removal of the Managing Director of a GmbH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.erlburg.law\/en\/appointment-and-removal-of-the-managing-director-of-a-gmbh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Appointment and Removal of the Managing Director of a GmbH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The managing director of a German Limited Liability Company (\u2018Gesellschaft mit beschr\u00e4nkter Haftung\u2019 - GmbH) manages the company. This includes pursuing the company\u2019s business objectives, representing the company in and out of court, and fulfilling the GmbH\u2019s statutory obligations, such\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.erlburg.law\/en\/appointment-and-removal-of-the-managing-director-of-a-gmbh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ERLBURG Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft mbH Berlin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-28T11:49:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-12T17:37:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.erlburg.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Unterschrift_Erben_und_Vererben-ERLBURG-Berlin.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"754\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. Ulrike Gr\u00fcbler\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. Ulrike Gr\u00fcbler\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.erlburg.law\\\/en\\\/appointment-and-removal-of-the-managing-director-of-a-gmbh#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.erlburg.law\\\/en\\\/appointment-and-removal-of-the-managing-director-of-a-gmbh\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr. Ulrike Gr\u00fcbler\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.erlburg.law\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1a44b0976758b8069bb0656c761b67d4\"},\"headline\":\"Appointment and Removal of the Managing Director of a GmbH\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-28T11:49:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-12T17:37:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.erlburg.law\\\/en\\\/appointment-and-removal-of-the-managing-director-of-a-gmbh\"},\"wordCount\":1069,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.erlburg.law\\\/en\\\/appointment-and-removal-of-the-managing-director-of-a-gmbh#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.erlburg.law\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Unterschrift_Erben_und_Vererben-ERLBURG-Berlin.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Corporate\",\"Making Provisions &amp; 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